Monday, July 1, 2013
IN WATER SHIP HULL CLEANING AND PROPELLERS POLISHING: IN WATER HULL CLEANING AND PROPELLERS POLISHING
IN WATER SHIP HULL CLEANING AND PROPELLERS POLISHING: IN WATER HULL CLEANING AND PROPELLERS POLISHING: IN WATER HULL CLEANING AND PROPELLERS POLISHING UNDERWATER WORKS – DIVING SERVICES AIM Control is an independent Vietnam based com...
IN WATER HULL CLEANING AND PROPELLERS POLISHING
IN WATER HULL CLEANING AND PROPELLERS POLISHING
UNDERWATER WORKS – DIVING SERVICES
AIM Control is an independent Vietnam based company specializing in providing
underwater diving and
maintenance service to the shipping industry in Vietnam and the neighbouring
countries with associations strategically located in all the main shipping ports
of the world and provides a round the clock round the world underwater service
from a single source. Email: survey@aimcontrolgroup.com, aimcontrol@hotmail.com.
WORLDWIDE LOCATIONS
Vietnam (Main),
Alaska, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria,
Cambodia, Canada, Canary Islands, Chile, China, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark,
Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Hong Kong, Iceland,
India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico,
Morocco, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russian
Federation, Korea, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom, U.S.A., Uruguay, Venezuela, Virgin Islands, Yemen, etc.,
PRINCIPLE ACTIVITIES
Hull Cleaning
Most of AIM Control's work is carried out using the scamper system and by
diver's hands. This system has been specially developed for vessels coated with
a SPC or silicone type anti-fouling and we can guarantee that we can remove the
marine growth without damaging the all important paint surfaces underneath.
This cleaning system has been approved by all the major paint companies.
Propeller polish
Underwater propeller polishing and maintaining smooth propeller surfaces are now
fully appreciated, but propellers do foul up and for this we use AIM Control's
new improved THREE-STAGE reconditioning system to achieve a Rubert finish better
than a Rubert 'A' on the Rubert Comparator.
Underwater surveys
AIM Control is formally approved by all the leading classification societies for
carrying out in-water surveys. During the course of the surveys, the divers are
in constant voice communication with the attending Surveyors/Superintendent.
Apart from these surveys, we are regularly employed by shipowners and marine
paint companies to carry out fouling, and paint inspections and also
pre-purchase and sale inspections.
Underwater blanking
From time to time, sea valves give trouble and when it does happen, it is not
always convenient to wait until the next drydocking. It is therefore, essential
that sea valves can be opened while the vessel remains afloat. For this, we use
AIM Control's own specially made to measure blanks that fit over the sea chests
and overboard discharges. When the blanks are secured in place, this then
enables the inboard crew to maintain or replace the sea valves as necessary.
Cofferdam insert repair
We are approved by all the leading Classification Societies for carrying out
insert renewal repairs.
Underwater repairs
The company frequently undertakes a wide range of other underwater repairs from
cutting and welding to drilling, sealing of stern tubes, replacing of
sacrificial anodes, propeller trimming and balancing, and ultra-sonic 'NDT'
testing of shell plating.
Reporting
On completion of any underwater operation, a detailed photographic report is
always submitted.
Quality Service & Assurance
With a motto of "The Client’s fate is AIM Control's fate", and the fact
that we are geared up to work seven days a week twenty-four hours a day, we are
absolutely positive that we can offer the very best of service, safety and
quality and being independent, we can be more competitive when it comes to
pricing without sacrificing the all important factor of quality.
AIM Control's Mission
AIM Control's mission is not only to meet customers’ requirements but to exceed
their expectations.
To know more about AIM Control or AIM Control's other specialized underwater
services or other locations, please do not hesitate to either phone, fax or
email us your requirements.
This is AIM
Control's in water parts of ship's Hull cleaning and Propeller's polishing in
Vung Tau, Vietnam.
AIM Control's Hull cleaning is to undertake the coating of ship is not paint off or any scratches aiming protect AIM Control's inwater hull in good condition before and after cleaning. (find the BELOW pictures to see)
BEFORE SHIP'S HULL CLEANING
AFTER SHIP'S HULL CLEANING
Detailed of Diving Equipment Description
SURFACE-SUPPLIED AIR DIVING
breathing tubes
breathing bags
Lethbridge's diving vest
Deane's patented diving dress
salvage of the HMS Royal George
Caissons
Physiological discoveries
Decompression sickness
Inadequate ventilation
Nitrogen narcosis
Armored diving suits
MKV deep sea diving dress
SCUBA DIVING
Open circuit scuba
Rouqayrol's Dernand regulator
LePrieur's open-circuit scuba design
Custeau and Gagnan's aqua- lung
Impact of scuba on diving
Closed circuit scuba
Fleuss' closed circuit scuba
Modern closed circuit systems
Hazards of using oxygen in scuba
Semiclosed circuit scuba
Lambertsen's mixed gas rebreather
MK6 UBA
Underwater demolition
GAS DIVING.
1-4.1 Nonsaturation Diving
1-4.1.1 Helium-Oxygen (HeO2) Diving
1-4.1.2 Hydrogen-Oxygen Diving
1-4.1.3 Modern Surface-Supplied Mixed-Gas Diving
1-4.1.4 MK 1 MOD 0 Diving Outfit
1-4.2 Diving Bells
1-4.3 Saturation Diving
1-4.3.1 Advantages of Saturation Diving.
1-4.3.2 Bonds Saturation Theory
1-4.3.3 Genesis Project
1-4.3.4 Developmental Testing .
1-4.3.5 Sealab Program
1-4.4 Deep Diving Systems (DDS)
1-4.4.1 ADS-IV
1-4.4.2 MK 1 MOD 0
1-4.4.3 MK 2 MOD 0
1-4.4.4 MK 2 MOD 1
1-5 SUBMARINE SALVAGE AND RESCUE
1-5.1 USS F-4
1-5.2 USS S-51
1-5.3 USS S-4
1-5.4 USS Squalus
1-5.5 USS Thresher
1-5.6 Deep Submergence Systems Project
1-6 SALVAGE DIVING
1-6.1 World War II Era.
1-6.1.1
1-6.1.2 USS Lafayette.
1-6.1.3 Other Diving Missions
1-6.2 Vietnam Era
1-7 OPEN-SEA DEEP DIVING RECORDS
1-8 SUMMARY
2 UNDERWATER PHYSICS
2-1 INTRODUCTION
2-2 PHYSICS
2-3 MATTER
2-3.1 Elements
2-3.2 Atoms
2-3.3 Molecules
2-3.4 The Three States of Matter
2-4 MEASUREMENT
2-4.1 Measurement Systems
2-4.2 Temperature Measurements
2-4.2.1 Kelvin Scale.
2-4.2.2 Rankine Scale
2-4.3 Gas Measurements
2-5 ENERGY
2-5.1 Conservation of Energy
2-5.2 Classifications of Energy
breathing tubes
breathing bags
Lethbridge's diving vest
Deane's patented diving dress
salvage of the HMS Royal George
Caissons
Physiological discoveries
Decompression sickness
Inadequate ventilation
Nitrogen narcosis
Armored diving suits
MKV deep sea diving dress
SCUBA DIVING
Open circuit scuba
Rouqayrol's Dernand regulator
LePrieur's open-circuit scuba design
Custeau and Gagnan's aqua- lung
Impact of scuba on diving
Closed circuit scuba
Fleuss' closed circuit scuba
Modern closed circuit systems
Hazards of using oxygen in scuba
Semiclosed circuit scuba
Lambertsen's mixed gas rebreather
MK6 UBA
Underwater demolition
GAS DIVING.
1-4.1 Nonsaturation Diving
1-4.1.1 Helium-Oxygen (HeO2) Diving
1-4.1.2 Hydrogen-Oxygen Diving
1-4.1.3 Modern Surface-Supplied Mixed-Gas Diving
1-4.1.4 MK 1 MOD 0 Diving Outfit
1-4.2 Diving Bells
1-4.3 Saturation Diving
1-4.3.1 Advantages of Saturation Diving.
1-4.3.2 Bonds Saturation Theory
1-4.3.3 Genesis Project
1-4.3.4 Developmental Testing .
1-4.3.5 Sealab Program
1-4.4 Deep Diving Systems (DDS)
1-4.4.1 ADS-IV
1-4.4.2 MK 1 MOD 0
1-4.4.3 MK 2 MOD 0
1-4.4.4 MK 2 MOD 1
1-5 SUBMARINE SALVAGE AND RESCUE
1-5.1 USS F-4
1-5.2 USS S-51
1-5.3 USS S-4
1-5.4 USS Squalus
1-5.5 USS Thresher
1-5.6 Deep Submergence Systems Project
1-6 SALVAGE DIVING
1-6.1 World War II Era.
1-6.1.1
1-6.1.2 USS Lafayette.
1-6.1.3 Other Diving Missions
1-6.2 Vietnam Era
1-7 OPEN-SEA DEEP DIVING RECORDS
1-8 SUMMARY
2 UNDERWATER PHYSICS
2-1 INTRODUCTION
2-2 PHYSICS
2-3 MATTER
2-3.1 Elements
2-3.2 Atoms
2-3.3 Molecules
2-3.4 The Three States of Matter
2-4 MEASUREMENT
2-4.1 Measurement Systems
2-4.2 Temperature Measurements
2-4.2.1 Kelvin Scale.
2-4.2.2 Rankine Scale
2-4.3 Gas Measurements
2-5 ENERGY
2-5.1 Conservation of Energy
2-5.2 Classifications of Energy
2-6 LIGHT ENERGY IN DIVING
2-6.1 Refraction
2-6.2 Turbidity of Water
2-6.3 Diffusion
2-6.4 Color Visibility
2-7 MECHANICAL ENERGY IN DIVING
2-7.1 Water Temperature and Sound
2-7.2 Water Depth and Sound.
2-7.2.1 Diver Work and Noise
2-7.2.2 Pressure Waves.
2-7.3 Underwater Explosions
2-7.3.1 Type of Explosive and Size of the Charge
2-7.3.2 Characteristics of the Seabed.
2-7.3.3 Location of the Explosive Charge
2-7.3.4 Water Depth
2-7.3.5 Distance from the Explosion.
2-7.3.6 Degree of Submersion of the Diver
2-7.3.7 Estimating Explosion Pressure on a Diver.
2-7.3.8 Minimizing the Effects of an Explosion.
2-8 HEAT ENERGY IN DIVING
2-8.1 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
2-8.2 Heat Transfer Rate.
2-8.3 Diver Body Temperature
PRESSURE IN DIVING
2-9.1 Atmospheric Pressure
2-9.2 Terms Used to Describe Gas Pressure
2-9.3 Hydrostatic Pressure
2-9.4 Buoyancy
2-9.4.1 Archimedes' Principle.
2-9.4.2 Diver Buoyancy
2-10 GASES IN DIVING
2-10.1 Atmospheric Air
2-10.2 Oxygen.
2-10.3 Nitrogen
2-10.4 Helium
2-10.5 Hydrogen
2-10.6 Neon.
2-10.7 Carbon Dioxide
2-10.8 Carbon Monoxide.
2-10.9 Kinetic Theory of Gases
2-11 GAS LAWS
2-11.1 Boyle's Law
2-11.2 Charles'/Gay-Lussac's Law
2-11.3 The General Gas Law
2-12 GAS MIXTURES
2-12.1 Dalton's Law.
2-12.1.1 Expressing Small Quantities of Pressure.
2-12.1.2 Calculating Surface Equivalent Value
2-12.2 Gas Diffusion
2-12.3 Humidity
2-12.4 Gases in Liquids.
2-12.5 Solubility.
2-12.6 Henry's Law
2-12.6.1 Gas Tension.
2-12.6.2 Gas Absorption.
2-12.6.3 Gas Solubility
3 UNDERWATER PHYSIOLOGY
3-1.3 General.
3-2 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
3-3 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
3-3.1 Anatomy
3-3.1.1 The Hear
3-3.1.2 The Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits.
3-3.2 Circulatory Function .
3-3.3 Blood Components
3-4 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
3-4.1 Gas Exchange
3-4.2 Respiration Phases
3-4.3 Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract
3-4.4 The Respiratory Apparatus
3-4.4.1 The Chest Cavity.
3-4.4.2 The Lungs
3-4.5 Respiratory Tract Ventilation Definitions
3-4.5.1 Respiratory Cycle
3-4.5.2 Respiratory Rate.
3-4.5.3 Total Lung Capacity
3-4.5.4 Vital Capacity.
3-4.5.5 Tidal Volume.
3-4.5.6 Respiratory Minute Volume.
3-4.5.7 Maximal Breathing Capacity and Maximum Ventilatory Volume.
3-4.5.8 Maximum Inspiratory Flow Rate and Maximum Expiratory Flow Rate
3-4.5.9 Respiratory Quotient
3-4.5.10 Respiratory Dead Space.
3-4.6 Alveolar/Capillary Gas Exchange.
3-4.7 Breathing Control
3-4.8 Oxygen Consumption.
3-5 RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS IN DIVING
3-5.1 Oxygen Deficiency (Hypoxia)
3-5.1.1 Causes of Hypoxia.
3-5.1.2 Symptoms of Hypoxia.
3-5.1.3 Treating Hypoxia
3-5.1.4 Preventing Hypoxia.
3-5.2 Carbon Dioxide Toxicity (Hypercapnia)
3-5.2.1 Causes of Hypercapnia.
3-5.2.2 Symptoms of Hypercapnia.
3-5.2.3 Treating Hypercapnia
3-5.3 Asphyxia.
3-5.4 Breathing Resistance and Dyspnea
3-5.4.1 Causes of Breathing Resistance.
3-5.4.2 Preventing Dyspnea.
3-5.5 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
3-5.5.1 Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.
3-5.5.2 Treating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.
3-5.5.3 Preventing Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
3-6 BREATHHOLDING AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS
3-6.1 Breathhold Diving Restrictions
3-6.2 Hazards of Breathhold Diving
3-7 HYPERVENTILATION.
3-7.1 Unintentional Hyperventilation
3-7.2 Voluntary Hyperventilation
3-8 EFFECTS OF BAROTRAUMA AND PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BODY
3-8.1 Conditions Leading to Barotrauma.
3-8.2 General Symptoms of Barotrauma.
3-8.3 Middle Ear Squeeze
3-8.3.1 Preventing Middle Ear Squeeze
3-8.3.2 Treating Middle Ear Squeeze.
3-8.4 Sinus Squeeze
3-8.4.1 Causes of Sinus Squeeze
3-8.4.2 Preventing Sinus Squeeze.
3-8.5 Tooth Squeeze (Barodontalgia)
3-8.6 External Ear Squeeze
3-8.7 Thoracic (Lung) Squeeze.
3-8.8 Face or Body Squeeze.
3-8.9 Middle Ear Overpressure (Reverse Middle Ear Squeeze)
3-8.10 Sinus Overpressure (Reverse Sinus Squeeze)
3-8.11 Overexpansion of the Stomach and Intestine
3-8.12 Inner Ear Dysfunction.
3-8.12.1 Vertigo
3-8.12.2 Inner Ear Barotrauma.
3-9 PULMONARY OVERINFLATION SYNDROMES
3-9.1 Arterial Gas Embolism
3-9.2 Mediastinal and Subcutaneous Emphysema.
3-9.3 Pneumothorax
3-10 INDIRECT EFFECTS OF PRESSURE
3-10.1 Nitrogen Narcosis
3-10.1.1 Symptoms of Narcosis
3-10.1.2 Susceptibility to Narcosis
3-10.2 Oxygen Toxicity
3-10.2.1 Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
3-10.2.2 Central Nervous System (CNS) Oxygen Toxicity
3-10.2.3 CNS Convulsions.
3-10.3 Absorption of Inert Gases
3-10.4 Saturation of Tissues
3-10.4.1 Nitrogen Saturation Process
3-10.4.2 Other Inert Gases
3-10.5 Desaturation of Tissues
3-10.5.1 Saturation/Desaturation Differences.
3-10.5.2 Bubble Formation
3-10.6 Decompression Sickness
3-10.6.1 Direct Bubble Effects.
3-10.6.2 Indirect Bubble Effects.
3-10.6.3 Symptoms of Decompression Sickness.
3-10.6.4 Treating Decompression Sickness
3-10.6.5 Preventing Decompression Sickness
3-10.7 High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS)
3-10.8 Compression Pains
3-11 PHYSIOLOGICAL HAZARDS FROM MUNITIONS
3-12 THERMAL PROBLEMS AND OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN DIVING
3-12.1 Regulating Body Temperature .
3-12.2 Excessive Heat Loss (Hypothermia) .
3-12.2.1 Internal Temperature Regulation
3-12.2.2 Effects of Exercise on Hypothermia.
3-12.2.3 Symptoms of Hypothermia.
3-12.3 Excessive Heat (Hyperthermia) .
3-12.3.1 Heat Stress Factors
3-12.3.2 Acclimatization.
3-12.3.3 Symptoms of Hyperthermia
3-12.3.4 Impact of Dive Time on Hyperthermia
3-12.3.5 Preventing Hyperthermia
3-12.4 Dehydration
3-12.4.1 Causes of Dehydration
3-12.4.2 Preventing Dehydration.
3-12.5 Hypoglycemia.
3-12.5.1 Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
3-12.5.2 Causes of Hypoglycemia.
3-12.5.3 Preventing Hypoglycemia.
4 DIVE SYSTEMS
4-2 GENERAL INFORMATION
4-2.1 Document Precedence
4-2.2 Equipment Authorized For Navy Use (ANU
4-2.3 System Certification Authority (SCA
4-2.4 Planned Maintenance System
4-2.5 Alteration of Diving Equipment.
4-2.5.1 Technical Program Managers for Shore-Based Systems
4-2.5.2 Technical Program Managers for Other Diving Apparatus
4-2.6 Operating and Emergency Procedures
4-2.6.1 Standardized OP/EPs
4-2.6.2 Non-standardized OP/EPs
4-2.6.3 OP/EP Approval Process
4-2.6.4 Format
4-2.6.5 Example
4-3 DIVER'S BREATHING GAS PURITY STANDARDS
4-3.1 Diver's Breathing Air
4-3.2 Diver's Breathing Oxygen
4-3.3 Diver's Breathing Helium
4-3.4 Diver's Breathing Nitrogen
4-4 DIVER'S AIR SAMPLING PROGRAM
4-4.1 Maintenance Requirements
4-4.2 General Air Sampling Procedures
4-4.3 CSS Air Sampling Services
4-4.4 Local Air Sampling Services
4-5 DIVING COMPRESSORS
4-5.1 Equipment Requirements
4-5.2 Air Filtration System
4-5.3 Lubrication
4-6 DIVING GAUGES
4-6.1 Selecting Diving System Guages.
4-6.2 Calibrating and Maintaining Gauges
4-6.3 Helical Bourdon Tube Gauges
4-7 COMPRESSED GAS HANDLING AND STORAGE
5 DIVE PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
5-2 OBJECTIVES OF THE RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING SYSTEM
5-3 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING DOCUMENTS
5-4 COMMAND SMOOTH DIVING LOG
5-5 RECOMPRESSION CHAMBER LOG
5-6 DIVER'S PERSONAL DIVE LOG
5-7 DIVING MISHAP/CASUALTY REPORTING
5-8 EQUIPMENT FAILURE OR DEFICIENCY REPORTING
5-10 ACCIDENT/INCIDENT EQUIPMENT INVESTIGATION REQUIREMENTS
5-11 REPORTING CRITERIA
5-12 ACTIONS REQUIRED
5-12.1 Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report
5-12.2 Shipment of Equipment
1A SAFE DIVING DISTANCES FROM TRANSMITTING SONAR
1A-1 INTRODUCTION
1A-2 BACKGROUND
1A-3 ACTION
1A-4 SONAR DIVING DISTANCES WORKSHEETS WITH DIRECTIONS FOR USE
1A-4.1 General Information/Introduction
1A-4.1.1 Effects of Exposure
1A-4.1.2 Suit and Hood Characteristics
1A-4.1.3 In-Water Hearing vs. In-Gas Hearing
1A-4.2 Directions for Completing the Sonar Diving Distances Worksheet
1A-5 GUIDANCE FOR DIVER EXPOSURE TO LOW-FREQUENCY SONAR (160320 Hz)
1A-6 GUIDANCE FOR DIVER EXPOSURE TO ULTRASONIC SONAR (250 KHz AND GREATER)
1B REFERENCES
1D LIST OF ACRONYMS
6 OPERATIONAL PLANNING
6-2 GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
6-2.1 Identifying Available Resources
6-3 DEFINE MISSION OBJECTIVE
6-4 IDENTIFY OPERATIONAL TASKS
6-4.1 Underwater Ship Husbandry (UWSH)
6-4.1.1 Objective of UWSH Operations
6-4.1.2 Repair Requirements
6-4.1.3 Diver Training and Qualification Requirements
6-4.1.4 Training Program Requirements
6-4.2 Salvage/Object Recovery.
6-4.3 Search Missions.
6-4.4 Security Swims
6-4.5 Explosive Ordnance Disposal
6-4.6 Underwater Construction
6-4.6.1 Diver Training and Qualification Requirements
6-4.6.2 Equipment Requirements
6-4.6.3 Underwater Construction Planning Resources
6-4.7 Demolition Missions
6-4.8 Combat Swimmer Missions
6-4.9 Enclosed Space Diving
6-5 COLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA
6-5.1 Information Gathering
6-5.2 Planning Data
6-5.2.1 Object Recovery
6-5.2.2 Searching for Objects or Underwater Sites
6-5.2.3 Identifying Operational Hazards
6-5.3 Data Required for All Diving Operations
6-5.3.1 Surface Conditions
6-5.3.2 Natural Factors
6-5.3.3 Depth
6-5.3.4 Type of Bottom
6-5.3.5 Tides and Currents
6-6 IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL AND OPERATIONAL HAZARDS
6-6.1 Underwater Visibility
6-6.2 Temperature
6-6.3 Contaminated Water
6-6.4 Thermal Pollution
6-6.5 Chemical Contamination
6-6.6 Biological Contamination
6-6.7 Altitude Diving
6-6.8 Underwater Obstacles
6-6.9 Electrical Shock Hazards
6-6.9.1 Reducing Electrical Shock Hazards
6-6.9.2 Securing Electrical Equipment
6-6.10 Explosions
6-6.11 Sonar
6-6.12 Nuclear Radiation
6-6.13 Marine Life
6-6.14 Vessel and Small Boat Traffic
6-6.15 Territorial Waters
6-7 SELECT DIVING TECHNIQUE
6-7.1 Factors to Consider when Selecting the Diving Technique
6-7.2 Operational Characteristics of Scuba.
6-7.2.1 Mobility
6-7.2.2 Buoyancy
6-7.2.3 Portability
6-7.2.4 Operational Limitations
6-7.2.5 Environmental Protection
6-7.3 Operational Characteristics of SSDS
6-7.3.1 Mobility
6-7.3.2 Buoyancy
6-7.3.3 Operational Limitations
6-7.3.4 Environmental Protection
6-8 SELECT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
6-8.1 Equipment Authorized for Navy Use
6-8.2 Air Supply
6-8.3 Diving Craft and Platforms
6-8.3.1 Deep-Sea Salvage/Rescue Diving Platforms.
6-8.3.2 Small Craft
6-9 SELECT AND ASSEMBLE THE DIVING TEAM
6-9.1 Manning Levels
6-9.2 Commanding Officer
6-9.3 Diving Officer
6-9.3.1 Command Diving Officer
6-9.3.2 Watchstation Diving Officer
6-9.4 Master Diver
6-9.4.1 Master Diver Responsibilities
6-9.4.2 Master Diver Qualifications
6-9.5 Diving Supervisor
6-9.5.1 Predive Responsibilities
6-9.5.2 Responsibilities While Operation is Underway
6-9.5.3 Postdive Responsibilities .
6-9.5.4 Diving Supervisor Qualifications
6-9.6 Diving Medical Officer
6-9.7 Diving Personnel
6-9.7.1 Diving Personnel Responsibilities
6-9.7.2 Diving Personnel Qualifications
6-9.8 Standby Diver.
6-9.8.1 Standby Diver Qualifications.
6-9.8.2 Deploying the Standby Diver as a Working Diver .
6-9.9 Buddy Diver
6-9.10 Diver Tender
6-9.10.1 Diver Tender Responsibilities
6-9.10.2 Diver Tender Qualifications
6-9.11 Recorder
6-9.12 Medical Personnel
6-9.13 Other Support Personnel
6-9.14 Cross-Training and Substitution
6-9.15 Physical Condition
6-9.16 Underwater Salvage or Construction Demolition Personnel.
6-9.16.1 Blasting Plan
6-9.16.2 Explosive Handlers
6-10 OSHA REQUIREMENTS
6-10.1 Scuba Diving (Air) Restriction
6-10.2 Surface-Supplied Air Diving Restrictions
6-10.3 Mixed-Gas Diving Restrictions
6-10.4 Recompression Chamber Requirements
6-11 ORGANIZE AND SCHEDULE OPERATIONS
6-11.1 Task Planning and Scheduling
6-11.2 Postdive Tasks.
6-12 BRIEF THE DIVING TEAM
6-12.1 Establish
6-12.2 Identify Tasks and Procedures.
6-12.3 Review Diving Procedures
6-12.4 Assignment of Personnel
6-12.5 Assistance and Emergencies
6-12.5.1 Notification of Ship's Personnel
6-12.5.2 Fouling and Entrapment
6-12.5.3 Equipment Failure
6-12.5.4 Lost Diver
6-12.5.5 Debriefing the Diving Team
6-13 AIR DIVING EQUIPMENT REFERENCE DATA
7 SCUBA AIR DIVING OPERATIONS
7-2 REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR SCUBA OPERATIONS
7-2.1 Equipment Authorized for Navy Use
7-2.2 Open-Circuit Scuba
7-2.2.1 Demand Regulator Assembly
7-2.2.2 Cylinders
7-2.2.3 Cylinder Valves and Manifold Assemblies
7-2.2.4 Backpack or Harness
7-2.3 Minimum Equipment
7-2.3.1 Face Mask
7-2.3.2 Life Preserver
7-2.3.3 Buoyancy Compensator
7-2.3.4 Weight Belt
7-2.3.5 Knife
7-2.3.6 Swim Fins
7-2.3.7 Wrist Watch
7-2.3.8 Depth Gauge
See more The details of diving equipment
2-6.1 Refraction
2-6.2 Turbidity of Water
2-6.3 Diffusion
2-6.4 Color Visibility
2-7 MECHANICAL ENERGY IN DIVING
2-7.1 Water Temperature and Sound
2-7.2 Water Depth and Sound.
2-7.2.1 Diver Work and Noise
2-7.2.2 Pressure Waves.
2-7.3 Underwater Explosions
2-7.3.1 Type of Explosive and Size of the Charge
2-7.3.2 Characteristics of the Seabed.
2-7.3.3 Location of the Explosive Charge
2-7.3.4 Water Depth
2-7.3.5 Distance from the Explosion.
2-7.3.6 Degree of Submersion of the Diver
2-7.3.7 Estimating Explosion Pressure on a Diver.
2-7.3.8 Minimizing the Effects of an Explosion.
2-8 HEAT ENERGY IN DIVING
2-8.1 Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
2-8.2 Heat Transfer Rate.
2-8.3 Diver Body Temperature
PRESSURE IN DIVING
2-9.1 Atmospheric Pressure
2-9.2 Terms Used to Describe Gas Pressure
2-9.3 Hydrostatic Pressure
2-9.4 Buoyancy
2-9.4.1 Archimedes' Principle.
2-9.4.2 Diver Buoyancy
2-10 GASES IN DIVING
2-10.1 Atmospheric Air
2-10.2 Oxygen.
2-10.3 Nitrogen
2-10.4 Helium
2-10.5 Hydrogen
2-10.6 Neon.
2-10.7 Carbon Dioxide
2-10.8 Carbon Monoxide.
2-10.9 Kinetic Theory of Gases
2-11 GAS LAWS
2-11.1 Boyle's Law
2-11.2 Charles'/Gay-Lussac's Law
2-11.3 The General Gas Law
2-12 GAS MIXTURES
2-12.1 Dalton's Law.
2-12.1.1 Expressing Small Quantities of Pressure.
2-12.1.2 Calculating Surface Equivalent Value
2-12.2 Gas Diffusion
2-12.3 Humidity
2-12.4 Gases in Liquids.
2-12.5 Solubility.
2-12.6 Henry's Law
2-12.6.1 Gas Tension.
2-12.6.2 Gas Absorption.
2-12.6.3 Gas Solubility
3 UNDERWATER PHYSIOLOGY
3-1.3 General.
3-2 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
3-3 THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
3-3.1 Anatomy
3-3.1.1 The Hear
3-3.1.2 The Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits.
3-3.2 Circulatory Function .
3-3.3 Blood Components
3-4 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
3-4.1 Gas Exchange
3-4.2 Respiration Phases
3-4.3 Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract
3-4.4 The Respiratory Apparatus
3-4.4.1 The Chest Cavity.
3-4.4.2 The Lungs
3-4.5 Respiratory Tract Ventilation Definitions
3-4.5.1 Respiratory Cycle
3-4.5.2 Respiratory Rate.
3-4.5.3 Total Lung Capacity
3-4.5.4 Vital Capacity.
3-4.5.5 Tidal Volume.
3-4.5.6 Respiratory Minute Volume.
3-4.5.7 Maximal Breathing Capacity and Maximum Ventilatory Volume.
3-4.5.8 Maximum Inspiratory Flow Rate and Maximum Expiratory Flow Rate
3-4.5.9 Respiratory Quotient
3-4.5.10 Respiratory Dead Space.
3-4.6 Alveolar/Capillary Gas Exchange.
3-4.7 Breathing Control
3-4.8 Oxygen Consumption.
3-5 RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS IN DIVING
3-5.1 Oxygen Deficiency (Hypoxia)
3-5.1.1 Causes of Hypoxia.
3-5.1.2 Symptoms of Hypoxia.
3-5.1.3 Treating Hypoxia
3-5.1.4 Preventing Hypoxia.
3-5.2 Carbon Dioxide Toxicity (Hypercapnia)
3-5.2.1 Causes of Hypercapnia.
3-5.2.2 Symptoms of Hypercapnia.
3-5.2.3 Treating Hypercapnia
3-5.3 Asphyxia.
3-5.4 Breathing Resistance and Dyspnea
3-5.4.1 Causes of Breathing Resistance.
3-5.4.2 Preventing Dyspnea.
3-5.5 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
3-5.5.1 Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.
3-5.5.2 Treating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.
3-5.5.3 Preventing Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
3-6 BREATHHOLDING AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS
3-6.1 Breathhold Diving Restrictions
3-6.2 Hazards of Breathhold Diving
3-7 HYPERVENTILATION.
3-7.1 Unintentional Hyperventilation
3-7.2 Voluntary Hyperventilation
3-8 EFFECTS OF BAROTRAUMA AND PRESSURE ON THE HUMAN BODY
3-8.1 Conditions Leading to Barotrauma.
3-8.2 General Symptoms of Barotrauma.
3-8.3 Middle Ear Squeeze
3-8.3.1 Preventing Middle Ear Squeeze
3-8.3.2 Treating Middle Ear Squeeze.
3-8.4 Sinus Squeeze
3-8.4.1 Causes of Sinus Squeeze
3-8.4.2 Preventing Sinus Squeeze.
3-8.5 Tooth Squeeze (Barodontalgia)
3-8.6 External Ear Squeeze
3-8.7 Thoracic (Lung) Squeeze.
3-8.8 Face or Body Squeeze.
3-8.9 Middle Ear Overpressure (Reverse Middle Ear Squeeze)
3-8.10 Sinus Overpressure (Reverse Sinus Squeeze)
3-8.11 Overexpansion of the Stomach and Intestine
3-8.12 Inner Ear Dysfunction.
3-8.12.1 Vertigo
3-8.12.2 Inner Ear Barotrauma.
3-9 PULMONARY OVERINFLATION SYNDROMES
3-9.1 Arterial Gas Embolism
3-9.2 Mediastinal and Subcutaneous Emphysema.
3-9.3 Pneumothorax
3-10 INDIRECT EFFECTS OF PRESSURE
3-10.1 Nitrogen Narcosis
3-10.1.1 Symptoms of Narcosis
3-10.1.2 Susceptibility to Narcosis
3-10.2 Oxygen Toxicity
3-10.2.1 Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity
3-10.2.2 Central Nervous System (CNS) Oxygen Toxicity
3-10.2.3 CNS Convulsions.
3-10.3 Absorption of Inert Gases
3-10.4 Saturation of Tissues
3-10.4.1 Nitrogen Saturation Process
3-10.4.2 Other Inert Gases
3-10.5 Desaturation of Tissues
3-10.5.1 Saturation/Desaturation Differences.
3-10.5.2 Bubble Formation
3-10.6 Decompression Sickness
3-10.6.1 Direct Bubble Effects.
3-10.6.2 Indirect Bubble Effects.
3-10.6.3 Symptoms of Decompression Sickness.
3-10.6.4 Treating Decompression Sickness
3-10.6.5 Preventing Decompression Sickness
3-10.7 High Pressure Nervous Syndrome (HPNS)
3-10.8 Compression Pains
3-11 PHYSIOLOGICAL HAZARDS FROM MUNITIONS
3-12 THERMAL PROBLEMS AND OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN DIVING
3-12.1 Regulating Body Temperature .
3-12.2 Excessive Heat Loss (Hypothermia) .
3-12.2.1 Internal Temperature Regulation
3-12.2.2 Effects of Exercise on Hypothermia.
3-12.2.3 Symptoms of Hypothermia.
3-12.3 Excessive Heat (Hyperthermia) .
3-12.3.1 Heat Stress Factors
3-12.3.2 Acclimatization.
3-12.3.3 Symptoms of Hyperthermia
3-12.3.4 Impact of Dive Time on Hyperthermia
3-12.3.5 Preventing Hyperthermia
3-12.4 Dehydration
3-12.4.1 Causes of Dehydration
3-12.4.2 Preventing Dehydration.
3-12.5 Hypoglycemia.
3-12.5.1 Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
3-12.5.2 Causes of Hypoglycemia.
3-12.5.3 Preventing Hypoglycemia.
4 DIVE SYSTEMS
4-2 GENERAL INFORMATION
4-2.1 Document Precedence
4-2.2 Equipment Authorized For Navy Use (ANU
4-2.3 System Certification Authority (SCA
4-2.4 Planned Maintenance System
4-2.5 Alteration of Diving Equipment.
4-2.5.1 Technical Program Managers for Shore-Based Systems
4-2.5.2 Technical Program Managers for Other Diving Apparatus
4-2.6 Operating and Emergency Procedures
4-2.6.1 Standardized OP/EPs
4-2.6.2 Non-standardized OP/EPs
4-2.6.3 OP/EP Approval Process
4-2.6.4 Format
4-2.6.5 Example
4-3 DIVER'S BREATHING GAS PURITY STANDARDS
4-3.1 Diver's Breathing Air
4-3.2 Diver's Breathing Oxygen
4-3.3 Diver's Breathing Helium
4-3.4 Diver's Breathing Nitrogen
4-4 DIVER'S AIR SAMPLING PROGRAM
4-4.1 Maintenance Requirements
4-4.2 General Air Sampling Procedures
4-4.3 CSS Air Sampling Services
4-4.4 Local Air Sampling Services
4-5 DIVING COMPRESSORS
4-5.1 Equipment Requirements
4-5.2 Air Filtration System
4-5.3 Lubrication
4-6 DIVING GAUGES
4-6.1 Selecting Diving System Guages.
4-6.2 Calibrating and Maintaining Gauges
4-6.3 Helical Bourdon Tube Gauges
4-7 COMPRESSED GAS HANDLING AND STORAGE
5 DIVE PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
5-2 OBJECTIVES OF THE RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING SYSTEM
5-3 RECORD KEEPING AND REPORTING DOCUMENTS
5-4 COMMAND SMOOTH DIVING LOG
5-5 RECOMPRESSION CHAMBER LOG
5-6 DIVER'S PERSONAL DIVE LOG
5-7 DIVING MISHAP/CASUALTY REPORTING
5-8 EQUIPMENT FAILURE OR DEFICIENCY REPORTING
5-10 ACCIDENT/INCIDENT EQUIPMENT INVESTIGATION REQUIREMENTS
5-11 REPORTING CRITERIA
5-12 ACTIONS REQUIRED
5-12.1 Technical Manual Deficiency/Evaluation Report
5-12.2 Shipment of Equipment
1A SAFE DIVING DISTANCES FROM TRANSMITTING SONAR
1A-1 INTRODUCTION
1A-2 BACKGROUND
1A-3 ACTION
1A-4 SONAR DIVING DISTANCES WORKSHEETS WITH DIRECTIONS FOR USE
1A-4.1 General Information/Introduction
1A-4.1.1 Effects of Exposure
1A-4.1.2 Suit and Hood Characteristics
1A-4.1.3 In-Water Hearing vs. In-Gas Hearing
1A-4.2 Directions for Completing the Sonar Diving Distances Worksheet
1A-5 GUIDANCE FOR DIVER EXPOSURE TO LOW-FREQUENCY SONAR (160320 Hz)
1A-6 GUIDANCE FOR DIVER EXPOSURE TO ULTRASONIC SONAR (250 KHz AND GREATER)
1B REFERENCES
1D LIST OF ACRONYMS
6 OPERATIONAL PLANNING
6-2 GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
6-2.1 Identifying Available Resources
6-3 DEFINE MISSION OBJECTIVE
6-4 IDENTIFY OPERATIONAL TASKS
6-4.1 Underwater Ship Husbandry (UWSH)
6-4.1.1 Objective of UWSH Operations
6-4.1.2 Repair Requirements
6-4.1.3 Diver Training and Qualification Requirements
6-4.1.4 Training Program Requirements
6-4.2 Salvage/Object Recovery.
6-4.3 Search Missions.
6-4.4 Security Swims
6-4.5 Explosive Ordnance Disposal
6-4.6 Underwater Construction
6-4.6.1 Diver Training and Qualification Requirements
6-4.6.2 Equipment Requirements
6-4.6.3 Underwater Construction Planning Resources
6-4.7 Demolition Missions
6-4.8 Combat Swimmer Missions
6-4.9 Enclosed Space Diving
6-5 COLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA
6-5.1 Information Gathering
6-5.2 Planning Data
6-5.2.1 Object Recovery
6-5.2.2 Searching for Objects or Underwater Sites
6-5.2.3 Identifying Operational Hazards
6-5.3 Data Required for All Diving Operations
6-5.3.1 Surface Conditions
6-5.3.2 Natural Factors
6-5.3.3 Depth
6-5.3.4 Type of Bottom
6-5.3.5 Tides and Currents
6-6 IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL AND OPERATIONAL HAZARDS
6-6.1 Underwater Visibility
6-6.2 Temperature
6-6.3 Contaminated Water
6-6.4 Thermal Pollution
6-6.5 Chemical Contamination
6-6.6 Biological Contamination
6-6.7 Altitude Diving
6-6.8 Underwater Obstacles
6-6.9 Electrical Shock Hazards
6-6.9.1 Reducing Electrical Shock Hazards
6-6.9.2 Securing Electrical Equipment
6-6.10 Explosions
6-6.11 Sonar
6-6.12 Nuclear Radiation
6-6.13 Marine Life
6-6.14 Vessel and Small Boat Traffic
6-6.15 Territorial Waters
6-7 SELECT DIVING TECHNIQUE
6-7.1 Factors to Consider when Selecting the Diving Technique
6-7.2 Operational Characteristics of Scuba.
6-7.2.1 Mobility
6-7.2.2 Buoyancy
6-7.2.3 Portability
6-7.2.4 Operational Limitations
6-7.2.5 Environmental Protection
6-7.3 Operational Characteristics of SSDS
6-7.3.1 Mobility
6-7.3.2 Buoyancy
6-7.3.3 Operational Limitations
6-7.3.4 Environmental Protection
6-8 SELECT EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
6-8.1 Equipment Authorized for Navy Use
6-8.2 Air Supply
6-8.3 Diving Craft and Platforms
6-8.3.1 Deep-Sea Salvage/Rescue Diving Platforms.
6-8.3.2 Small Craft
6-9 SELECT AND ASSEMBLE THE DIVING TEAM
6-9.1 Manning Levels
6-9.2 Commanding Officer
6-9.3 Diving Officer
6-9.3.1 Command Diving Officer
6-9.3.2 Watchstation Diving Officer
6-9.4 Master Diver
6-9.4.1 Master Diver Responsibilities
6-9.4.2 Master Diver Qualifications
6-9.5 Diving Supervisor
6-9.5.1 Predive Responsibilities
6-9.5.2 Responsibilities While Operation is Underway
6-9.5.3 Postdive Responsibilities .
6-9.5.4 Diving Supervisor Qualifications
6-9.6 Diving Medical Officer
6-9.7 Diving Personnel
6-9.7.1 Diving Personnel Responsibilities
6-9.7.2 Diving Personnel Qualifications
6-9.8 Standby Diver.
6-9.8.1 Standby Diver Qualifications.
6-9.8.2 Deploying the Standby Diver as a Working Diver .
6-9.9 Buddy Diver
6-9.10 Diver Tender
6-9.10.1 Diver Tender Responsibilities
6-9.10.2 Diver Tender Qualifications
6-9.11 Recorder
6-9.12 Medical Personnel
6-9.13 Other Support Personnel
6-9.14 Cross-Training and Substitution
6-9.15 Physical Condition
6-9.16 Underwater Salvage or Construction Demolition Personnel.
6-9.16.1 Blasting Plan
6-9.16.2 Explosive Handlers
6-10 OSHA REQUIREMENTS
6-10.1 Scuba Diving (Air) Restriction
6-10.2 Surface-Supplied Air Diving Restrictions
6-10.3 Mixed-Gas Diving Restrictions
6-10.4 Recompression Chamber Requirements
6-11 ORGANIZE AND SCHEDULE OPERATIONS
6-11.1 Task Planning and Scheduling
6-11.2 Postdive Tasks.
6-12 BRIEF THE DIVING TEAM
6-12.1 Establish
6-12.2 Identify Tasks and Procedures.
6-12.3 Review Diving Procedures
6-12.4 Assignment of Personnel
6-12.5 Assistance and Emergencies
6-12.5.1 Notification of Ship's Personnel
6-12.5.2 Fouling and Entrapment
6-12.5.3 Equipment Failure
6-12.5.4 Lost Diver
6-12.5.5 Debriefing the Diving Team
6-13 AIR DIVING EQUIPMENT REFERENCE DATA
7 SCUBA AIR DIVING OPERATIONS
7-2 REQUIRED EQUIPMENT FOR SCUBA OPERATIONS
7-2.1 Equipment Authorized for Navy Use
7-2.2 Open-Circuit Scuba
7-2.2.1 Demand Regulator Assembly
7-2.2.2 Cylinders
7-2.2.3 Cylinder Valves and Manifold Assemblies
7-2.2.4 Backpack or Harness
7-2.3 Minimum Equipment
7-2.3.1 Face Mask
7-2.3.2 Life Preserver
7-2.3.3 Buoyancy Compensator
7-2.3.4 Weight Belt
7-2.3.5 Knife
7-2.3.6 Swim Fins
7-2.3.7 Wrist Watch
7-2.3.8 Depth Gauge
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